Literature in Childhood Education Answers to quizzes 1-12 Flashcard

Literature in Childhood Education Answers to quizzes 1-12

Conflict Management in the healthcare sector

Conflict Management in the healthcare sector Introduction The healthcare sector experiences frequent changes due to the emergence of new diseases, medical technologies and research (Burns, 2012). In a bid to ensure that medical practitioners are able to treat and adapt to new changes in healthcare, change must take place.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Conflict Management in the healthcare sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, the adoption of postmodern and complex science strategies becomes paramount. Indeed, healthcare is a complex matter and various obstacles are deemed to emerge while tackling complicated issues on the same (Burns, 2012). Trying to adopt change in a healthcare facility is challenging. Some of these challenges may be related to individuals, technicalities or change itself. Change resistance This is a common conflict that agents of change, face while adopting change. Resistance to change provides a tense conflict betwe en the organization and individuals. In most cases, individual employees tend to defy new policies regarding new responsibilities and work procedures (Lorenzi Riley, 2003). Such conflicts tend to halt any progress made by the organization in trying to improve performance. There are valid reasons why change to resistance is rampant in many healthcare organizations. One of the Reasons is that change tends to alter organizational culture and values (Lorenzi Riley, 2003). It takes time for employees and managers to adapt to new organizational culture. Eventually, this may affect the performance of the employees. It is important to note that individual resistance to change may escalate to an organizational resistance. Eventually, a self-reinforcing nature of resistance may create a resistance environment (Lorenzi Riley, 2003).Advertising Looking for coursework on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This i s a dangerous precedence when a healthcare organization resists against new healthcare strategies. In order to understand these conflicts, one must learn organizational dynamics that influence internal conflicts. Force fields Force fields conflicts normally involve two opposing forces. In this regard, a conflict may emerge when individuals responsible for change implementation have two positive goals, but unable to choose from either (Lorenzi Riley, 2000). This means that managers with the responsibility to implement postmodern strategies are unable to choose between two strategies of equal value and importance. This conflict may halt the process of implementing change in a healthcare facility. Another conflict that emerges from two forces is when individuals are in a stalemate between two negative goals (Lorenzi Riley, 2000). Such conflict is common when managers are expected to make a choice in purchasing a healthcare technology system. In this regard, individuals or managers ar e torn between the economic value of purchasing a technological system or creating own technological system (Lorenzi Riley, 2000). Making a choice that meets the needs of a healthcare organization is paramount, and such a conflict of choices leads to acquisition of an unsatisfying technological system. Purchasing healthcare informatics is known to produce many conflicts within a healthcare organization. In most scenarios, decision-making individuals may get involved in opposing positive and negative views (Lorenzi Riley, 2000). An in-depth analysis on the same reveals system users always have a different opinion about information technology.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Conflict Management in the healthcare sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometimes, users of advanced healthcare technologies have difficulties in adapting to such changes. Similarly, medical practitioners have a different opinion on c hanging treatment strategies they hardly know. Such changes and require extensive studying, training and research. Finally, funding of postmodern healthcare strategies is difficult and challenging for healthcare facilities. In most cases, such advancements in healthcare strategies depend on donor funding or government sponsorship. Dealing with accountants while negotiating to acquire such technologies lead to conflicts based on the economic value of using complex scientific strategies. References Burns, L. R. (2012). The business of healthcare innovation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Lorenzi, N. M., Riley, R. T. (2000). Managing Change: An Overview. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 7(2), 116-124. Lorenzi, N. M., Riley, R. T. (2003). Organizational issues= change. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 69(2), 197-203.

Hip-hop Cubano Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hip-hop Cubano - Assignment Example In the vicinity of all these factors, people in some way lose sight of the reality that Cubans create, work, and live there. People also assume the fact that Cubans do have a world view and culture that in actual sense exists; not a retort against the United States, not a retort against anybody, just Cuban. Jacobs-Fantauzzi has created the documentary with respect and love for the Cubans he features. These are youthful hip hop musicians who express their standpoints in consideration to the broader societal context. These artists have a nearly significant identity that is devoid of falsehood or peculiarity. The documentary simply follows these artists in their everyday lives of discussion, performance and production of hip hop in Cuba. The documentary then proceeds as these Cuban artists go to the US to record an album and perform for the first time. Cuban Hip hop is a movement. It is an awakening for youths and a discussion place for the realities of their livelihood. The scene is informal; performances occur on the stage with several microphones, or someone’s backyard, and the style used is old-fashioned (Fernà ¡ndez, p.4). For that reason, Hip Hop Cubano is visualized as a social documentary that highlights occurrences that people put into focus presently. For instance, these issues include identity, poverty, development, world politics, globalization and certainly the USA. Behind all this, on the other hand, is a documentary that concerns a faction of youthful individuals well-informed and certain of themselves. These are musicians with complete faith in whatever they do, and their potential results in a change in the society. Just as the United States’ Hip Hop started as a form of imaginative articulacy that brought awareness to harsh social situations, Cuban Hip Hop reveals the indestructible and inventive spirit created from a populace suppressed by the United States ban on Cuba. Hip Hop Cubano acts as a reminder of the

The Integration of European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Integration of European Union - Essay Example Also, the abolishment of conflicting laws and uniform rules and regulations will assist businesses to streamline and adopt uniform policies across the EU. This paper will discuss some of the benefits that businesses of the 21st century may acquire due to an integration of EU and will further discuss as to what are such benefits, how they may be of any help for the businesses. The focus of this paper will, therefore, be largely on examining the advantages and challenges of EU integration for businesses. European Union comprises of 27 member States and is serving as a Political as well as Economic Union of European Countries. The basic philosophy behind the integration of Europe is to allow the regional integration by creating a single market for the whole of Europe. The basic theme of EU is despite having differences in the values and cultural aspects of the individual member countries; however such differences shall not be the basis of competition between the Member States. Thus despite the creation of single currency and market, EU Member States have retained their individual characteristics thus creating a fine amalgamation of integration which is advocating the formation of collective identity for EU while at the same time allowing individual member States to keep their own individual characteristics intact. Established in 1993 as a result of Maastricht Treaty, EU is now a region comprising of 500 million people contributing almost 30% of the share in the World Gross Domestic Pr oduct. At the global level, EU is, therefore, operating as a system of super nationalism as well as inter-governmental allowing member States to dominate the world scene in the disguise of an integrated Regional Community. One of the most important aspects of this integration is the fact that establishment of EU has resulted into the creation of a single market which not only allowed the free movement of people but also goods and services thus creating a strong window of opportunity for businesses working within the Region to flourish and prosper at least at the Regional Level.

Critically assess the rights and duties of the shipowner under a bill Essay

Critically assess the rights and duties of the shipowner under a bill of lading - Essay Example With the development of mercantilism, these bills started to be used as the label to the products, and the bill of lading was developed in much the same form as we recognise today (Wilson, 2010). The up to date rules on bills of lading were codified by the Hague Statue in 1924. Ship-owners have had and still have huge obligations with regard to this bill (Al Tamimi & Company, n.d). In order to ensure that the goods people are protected when in voyage, the bill of lading set certain rights and duties of ship-owners that should be followed. This paper will critically assess the rights and duties of ship-owners under this bill. When merchandise is transported under the bill of lading, the rights and duties of a ship-owner are recognised by fast clauses in the deed (Australian Government n.d). These are known as "express obligations". The text can also include a Paramount clause confirming that the ship-owner is subject to legislation, for instance, the United Kingdom Carriage of Goods by the Sea Act of 1971 and/or the U.S. Carriage of Goods by the Sea Act of 1936, which impose The Hague-Visby Regulations of 1968 and The Hague Regulations of 1924 respectively. In any scenario, the bill of lading itself might not be liable to legislation, but be affirmed to be liable to The Hague-Visby Regulations and/or The Hague Regulations (Wilson, 2010). The Hamburg Regulations of 1978 are not applicable to the 1991 regulations, but there is nothing to stop a nation, which has accepted these, from passing legislation requiring carriage to and/or from that nation and under bills of lading to be liable to the Hamburg Rules . The duties and responsibilities of ship-owners were put into effect internationally on November 1st, 1992. Various obligations of the ship-owner under these rules are understandable and need not be considered in any depth, for instance the

Creating a School Computer Lab

Creating a School Computer Lab 2.1 Introduction Schools play a substantial role in the development of the growing youth. One way of doing so is the use of computer to boost learning as we are in the technological era. In Bangladesh, given its status as a developing country, there is a greater need to equip many schools with computer laboratories for children to have access in order to enhance learning. Bangladesh Computer Lab Co, a nationally owned company specializing in installing computers for schools in the country has been engaged to build a computer lab for Dhaka Primary School in the capital city of Bangladesh under the project titled; Dhaka Primary School Computer Lab Build Project. This project is an initiative of the Government of Bangladesh through the Ministry of Education. All the planning is done by Jasmin Nahar and Janee Jamaludeen who are the project managers of Bangladesh Computer Lab Co. The main stakeholders to this project are; The Bangladesh Ministry of Education and the Dhaka Primary School Board of Governors working closely with the company to see this project through. The project is fully sponsored by the Government of Bangladesh valued at AUD 167,500.00 with a duration of 3 months. Generally, this project is responding to Dhaka Primary Schools need for a computer lab to deliver its computer classes to enhance quality in education for its students. 2.2 Project Scope Statement Definition 2.2.1 Project Scope Description This project is guided by its project management plan that captures its project charter meeting all requirements after a close consultation with its stakeholders and very much in line with the existing organizational process assets. The table below further provides information as part of the project scope statement. Â   Â   2.2.2 Project Deliverables Finalized Project Documentation All project planning documents such as the scope management plan, project charter, requirements documentation and organizational project asserts are finalized. Finalized Lab Design The designing of the computer lab is finalized and approved for implementation. Installation of 50 desktop computers 50 x desktop computers are installed at 25 per lab. 2.2.3 Project Exclusion Lab Maintenance The maintenance of the lab to meet minimum computer lab standards is the responsibility of the administration of the school and its Board of Governors. Commissioning of the Computer Lab The commissioning of the computer lab is the responsibility of the schools Board of Governors. Development of the Computer Lab and Computer Usage Policy The development of the computer lab and computer usage policy is the responsibility of the schools administration. 2.2.4 Project Assumptions Electrical Capacity It is assumed that the buildings provided by the school will meet the electrical capacity including the cooling system required for all the computers. Security and Accessories It is assumed that all security measures including fire protection are provided by the school and its Board of Governors. 2.2.5 Project Constraints Limited Time Frame The project must be completed within 3 months with no provision for extension. Compliance Issues regarding Procurement Process The project must comply with the governments procurement process. Project Objectives LFM and KPI Project Title: Dhaka Primary School Computer Lab Build Goal: Dhaka Primary School has got a school computer lab that is of high quality that can promote learning. Purpose: Respond to the call of building Dhaka Primary School Computer Lab to promote quality education. Objective: To fully install 50 desktop computers in Dhaka Primary School. Input Responsible Output Performance Indicators Means of Verification Project Management (Planning, Implementation Closure) Project Manager Finalized Project Planning Documents -Existence of Project Management Plan, Project Charter, Requirements Documentations and Process Assets. -Project Completion Reports -Monitoring Evaluation Reports Computer Lab Designing Project Manager Finalized Computer Lab Design -Existence of a computer lab design. -Approved Lab Design Project Communication Project Manager Established Communication Managed Plan -Existence of a project communication management plan. -Complete Project Communication Plan Lab Commissioning Stakeholders (Dhaka Primary School Board of Governors and the Ministry of Education Commissioned labs with certification -Existence of a Computer Lab Minimum Standards Report. -Certification Report -Project Commissioning Report Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE PROJECT: DHAKA PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPUTER LAB BUILD DURATION: 3 MONTHS Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 WBS TASK ASSIGN TO WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 1 Finalize Project Documents 1.1 Strategic Management Planning Project Director 1.2 Completion of Project Management Plan Project Manager 1.3 Completion of Project Charter Project Manager 1.4 Completion of Requirement Documentations Project Manager 1.5 Completion of Process Assets Project Manager 1.6 Approval of Project Planning Steering Committee 2 Finalize Lab Design 2.1 Designing the lab plan Project Team 2.2 Approval of the Lab Plan Project Manager 3 Installation of 50 desktop computers 3.1 Procurement Project Team 3.2 Licencing of all software Project Team 3.3 Lab minimum standards survey Project Team 3.4 Installation Project Team 3.5 Testing Project Team 3.6 Project Closure Report Project Director WBS Dictionary WBS TASK Date START END 1 Finalize Project Documents 1.1 Strategic Management Planning 01.04.17 16.04.17 1.2 Completion of Project Management Plan 01.04.17 16.04.17 1.3 Completion of Project Charter 01.04.17 16.04.17 1.4 Completion of Requirement Documentations 01.04.17 16.04.17 1.5 Completion of Process Assets 01.04.17 16.04.17 1.6 Approval of Project Planning 10.04.17 16.04.17 2 Finalize Lab Design 2.1 Designing the lab plan 17.04.17 24.04.17 2.2 Approval of the Lab Plan 24.04.17 30.04.17 3 Installation of 50 desktop computers 3.1 Procurement 01.05.17 21.05.17 3.2 Licencing of all software 22.05.17 28.05.17 3.3 Lab minimum standards survey 22.05.17 28.05.17 3.4 Installation 29.05.17 11.06.17 3.5 Testing 19.06.17 25.06.17 3.6 Project Closure Report 26.06.17 30.06.17 Linear Responsibility Chart (LRC) Activity Project Sponsor Project Director Project Manager Project Team Steering Committee Strategic Management Planning S R C I A Completion of Project Management Plan I A R I S Completion of Project Charter I A R S I Completion of Requirement Documentations I A R S I Completion of Process Assets I A R S I Approval of Project Planning I R C S A Designing the lab plan I A R S I Approval of the Lab Plan I R C S A Procurement C A R S I Licencing of all software I C A S I Lab minimum standards survey I C A S I Installation I A C R I Testing I A R S I Project Closure Report A R C S C R Means that the person (or role) is responsible for creating the deliverable. (Usually there is only one person who is responsible for creating a deliverable, although many people may provide input.) A -Means that the person (or role) approves the deliverable. S Means that the person (or role) provides support toward the matters pertaining to the deliverable. I Means that the person (or role) who is kept informed on the deliverable. C Means that the person (or role) is consulted on matters pertaining to the deliverable. Budget Summary Activity Description Costing (AUD) Administrative General Admin Overhead Costs including labour etc. $ 70,000.00 Project Planning, Implementation Closure Strategic Management Planning. Completion of Project Management Plan Completion of Project Charter Completion of Requirement Documentations Completion of Process Assets Approval of Project Planning -Stakeholder/Consultative Meetings -Designing of lab plan -Approval of lab plan -Lab minimum standards survey -Installation -Testing -Monitoring Reporting -Project Closure Reports/Consultations/Meetings $ 90,000.00 Procurement Purchasing of 50 desktop computers Accessories -Purchasing of Software Licences Miscellaneous $ 7,500.00 Total $167,500.00 Communication Plan Role Reporting Purpose When to Report Stakeholders Ministry of Education -Reporting to the Government of Bangladesh the start, implementation and closure of the project. After the start and end date of the project. Board of Governors -Reporting to Parents of the progress of the project. Monthly Parental Meetings Steering Committee -Management of the Project in consultation with the Project Director. Monthly -Report to the stakeholders status of the project. Monthly Scheduled Meetings Project Director Reporting to the Steering Committee on the Progress of the project. Monthly Scheduled Meetings Project Manager Report to the project director the operational status of the project. Bi-weekly Scheduled Meetings and informal meetings on regular basis. Project Team Reporting on the project implementation progress to the Project Manager On Daily weekly basis and informal daily meetings on regular basis when need arises. Risk Planning The project sees the following as immediate risks to the project and has identified mitigating factors to address these risks. No Project Immediate Risks Mitigating Factors 1 Time Limitations Identify at early stages the critical pathway of the project, and focus on meeting deadlines. 2 Government Procurement Compliance Process Maintain effective dialogue with stakeholders in the initial stages of the project and define the best approach to getting procurement issues solved. 3 Building not meeting minimum lab standards Conduct lab survey in the initial stages of the project to identify areas of need, negotiate with the Board of Governors and resolve issues before installation is conducted. Project Milestone Currently the project sees the following as milestones that need to be achieved; No Project Milestone Achievement Date 1 Project Planning Approval 16th of April, 2017 2 Computer Installation and Testing 25th of June, 2017 3 Project Closer Report 30th of June, 2017 Procurement Plan Below is a summary of the project procurement plan and fully guided the companys procurement policy. Date of Completion Activity/Item 16th of April, 2017 Development of the project procurement plan 16th of April, 2017 Approval of the procurement plan 16th of April, 2017 Identifying all expandable and non-expandable items for purchase 16th of April, 2017 Create Assert Registry 14th of May, 2017 Vendor Identification 14th of May, 2017 Preparation and Approval of Purchase Requests 14th of May, 2017 Preparation and Approval of Check Requisitions 18th of May, 2017 Payment of Items and Materials (All expendable and non-expandable items including 50 x desktop computers and their accessories and software licences 21st of May, 2017 Confirming delivery against delivery notes 21st of May, 2017 Register all items 30th of June, 2017 Prepare registry for project closure

Free College Essays - William Shakespeare - Man or Myth? :: Biography Biographies Essays

Shakespeare - Man or Myth?  Ã‚   Was the man we know as Shakespeare really the author of the "Shakespearean Works"? We know little about the man called Shakespeare, Did he really write the plays, or is he just a man that got confused within history? (Sobran 44) There is not even a correct spelling of this mans name, Some of the spellings include Shakspere, Shakespeare, And Shaxpere. Shakespeare, Is it the man, Or is it another? (Hayes 1D) Shakespeare is both fact and fiction, he was no concern until nearly two hundred years after he perished, and there is still no definite or probably will there ever be a conclusion to this mystery. (Sobran 44) There is another man that can be attributed with the works of "Shakespeare", His name is Edward DeVere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. (Bethell 47) The man known as Shakespeare does not fit perfectly into the necessary criteria to determine the author of these works. Thomas Looney invented a series of criteria that had to be filled, in order to be a possible can didate for the authorship of the Shakespearean works. To have all the knowledge that is portrayed in the works, the author must have accomplished many things. These including a superior education, from what we know of "Shakespeare", this was not a possibility.(Bethell 46) We do not even know if Shakespeare has ever written anything in his life, Nor do we know that he was paid for writing these works. The man Shakespeare does not even make a claim that he is the author.(Bethell 50) He may not have been able to write the simplest thing of all, His own name.(Hayes 1D) Its not how little we know about Shakespeare that causes confusion and difficulty, Its the things that we do know about this man that cause the confusion and difficulty. We know Shakespears father, a glover, could not write. When he signed documents, he simply made an "X", This is why it is beleived that Shakespeare could not write also, Because he probably did not attend school therefore his education was passed down from his father. (Bethell 48) We do know much more about the man Edward DeVere. We know that because deVere was a nobleman, he could not have his name written upon his writings because he would be considered of a lower class.

Competitive Analysis: Buy.Com Amazon and Overstar

Competitive Analysis In a hyper-competitive world economy and with increasingly rational buyers, the competitions among e-commerce businesses are becoming more and more intensive. Given the priority of competitiveness in modern companies, practitioners of competitive intelligence need to come to terms with what business and competitive analysis is and also how it works. In order to survive in such a competitive environment, a company must deliver superior customer value over its competitors. Three competitors that CanGo analyzed are Amazon. om, Buy. com, and Overstock. com. We focused on areas like personnel, products, and facilities. Amazon is an American electronic commerce company that has become an icon of internet business. The company was founded the company in 1994 and launched on the Internet in 1995 as an online bookstore. The business is built around two values, frugality and customer service. Amazon has been ranked number one in customer satisfaction and service. A key to Amazon’s success was the decision to forego early profits to secure market share. As a result, Amazon is one of the most recognizable online retailers. Amazon’s shipping costs are relatively high in comparison to other online retailers. Despite increases in shipping costs they have yet to adjust their pricing strategy. Dependence on the North American market, despite expanding into international markets is another weakness. Amazon still derives 55% of its sales, from the North American market. This dependence could have adverse affects on Amazon’s future market growth. Buy. om was launched in November 1997, with 30,000 high-tech products. In one year Buy. com, sets first-year record with $125 million in sales. The company has expanded in numerous profit sections such as entertainment parks, subsidiaries, and large international breweries. Buy. com continues to introduce new brands. The target market is college campuses and sports. Currently, Buy. com is spending considerable amounts of money in the Spanish marketing field. Some weaknesses are the los s of investor interest due to lack of profits. Overstock. om initially began by selling surplus and returned merchandise on an online marketplace; however, in recent years it has expanded to selling new merchandise. Overstock has established partnerships with many leading brand-name companies. These relationships allow Overstock to buy products at significant discounts, which lowers the costs for consumers. Overstock. com restated its financial statements for fiscal years 2003-2007 due to problems incurred when implementing an Oracle enterprise resource planning program (ERP) (Taub, 2008). Weaknesses Based on an article by Stephen Taub, â€Å"Botched ERP Hookup Spurs Restatement,† Overstock. com restated its financial statements for fiscal years 2003-2007 due to problems incurred when implementing an Oracle enterprise resource planning program (ERP) in 2005. (Taub, 2008) When Overstock. com implemented its new ERP system, customer refunds changed from batch processing, to being recorded as individual transactions. However, Overstock did not install all the accounting elements needed to process customer refunds in the new system. Instead, the company chose to put â€Å"manual fixes† (Taub, 2008) in place; however, these manual fixes did not account for all the applicable refund types, resulting in refunds not being recorded. The errors do not stop here. Overstock. com also found that the ERP system did not reverse out shipping revenue for cancelled orders and the company was under-billing their fulfillment partners for return related costs and fees. (Taub, 2008) Although, $12. 9 million is material to report a restatement, the impact on the stockholders will be minimal, as Overstock. om is a large company that already has a negative net worth. Stockholder’s equity reported on Overstock. com 2009 Annual Financial Statements is negative $3 million. (Overstock. com, 2009) and Overstock. com has not had a profitable quarter since 2004. (Coenen, 2009) Stockholders should be concerned with Overstock. com management, as this is not first time the company is restating their financial statements. In Febr uary, 2006, Overstock. com announced it would restate 4 years of financial statements, 2002 though 2005, due to improper accounting of freight costs. Taub,2008) It appears that the company has some serious internal control and reporting issues that need to be addressed. CanGo Strengths †¢Resources †¢Strong brand names †¢Good reputation among customers †¢Recognizable brand †¢Positive relationship with employees Weaknesses †¢Employees under trained. †¢Insufficient suppliers †¢Unplanned products †¢planning †¢Lack of industry knowledge CanGo has the ability to compete with their competitors in any facet of the industry. There are high profit margins in the e-commerce industry. There is an increase in demand in the online gaming industry. There are no major barriers to entry and the future growth potential is limitless. Coenen, T. (2009). More Accounting Mistreatment by Overstock. com. Retrieved February 11, 2010, from http://www. sequence-inc. com/fraudfiles/2009/02/09/accounting-mistreatment-by-overstock/ Fornell, C. (2007). ACSI Quarterly Commentaries Fourth-Quarter 2007 Survey. Retrieved http://www. theacsi. org/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=165 Taub, S. (2008). Botched ERP Hookup Spurs Restatement. CFO. com. Retrieved February 9, 2010. Retrieved from http://www. cfo. com/article. cfm/12494875

Conflict between Iraq and The United States essays

Conflict between Iraq and The United States essays Iraq has been a country with many problems, many conflicts, and many wars. In the past twelve years there has been a great deal of tension concerning the United States and Iraq. A little bit of background of how starts one of the Iraq-U.S. firsts conflicts, is with the Persian Gulf War. This was an event that marked the start of a conflict between the United States and Iraq, a few years ago from now. At the end of the war The conflict culminated in fighting between Iraq and an international forces led by the United States. By the end of the war Iraq had to pay a huge amount of money to the United Nations and also Iraq had to disarm all his biological and chemical weapons. Now days Iraq is facing another big conflict, and it is with United Sates again. The presindent George W. Bush had accused Iraq of possesing weapons of mass destruction and have been aiding terrorists. The major concerning of president Bush is that Iraq would attack the United Sates in any moment. Even know people of the United States doesnt want war, Bush affirms is the right thing to do. He is just looking forward to protect the segurity, the freedom, and the justice of his country. He said that United States knows how awful a war is, but Iraq is not cooperating with his country, and he wont let Iraq to keep growing, and keep making destruction arms. However, Iraq told the world that they dont have any weapons, and neither are planning to get any. President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein says that Bushs affirmation about possessing weapons of mass destruction, are just a misleading attempt to justify an attack. In the speech given by Bush on Monday, October 7th at night, He said clearly to Iraq that if they dont disarm their weapons, they will have to face the consequences. Presindent Bush had decided to take extremely measures if Iraq doesnt comply with all United Nations resolutions. Also in his speech president Bush told the ...

Style-shifting Definition and Examples

Styles In sociolinguistics, the use of more than one style of speech during the course of a single conversation or written text. Two common theories that account for style-shifting are the accommodation model and the ​audience design model, both of which are discussed below. Examples and Observations [H]e struck a few chords, then, to impress her, he awkwardly played a short passage. . . .Schuberts Quartet number fourteen. Right? she asked. Also known as Death and the Maiden.Astonished, he slowly pulled back. I dont believe it! How did you know that? he asked.She got up and straightened her jumpsuit. Black magic. What else? she said, pointing at the fetishes.It occurred to him that she could have heard the passage played by the Julliard student. He started to play another piece.Debussy. Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, she said, and he stopped. You play it well, boy!He stood up and closed the piano, suddenly glad that throughout the evening he had spoken to her only in his altered voice, for her musical ear might have unmasked him.Where did you learn music? he asked.Speaking in a Southern drawl again, she replied, Why? Aint it right for a little ol black girl to know what the white folks play?You told me you wereI told you the pianist who lives here is out on a date with a str anger, she said in a firm voice. Well, youre the stranger. And this is where I play. She sat down at the piano and began to play . . ..(Jerzy Kosinski, Pinball. Arcade, 1983) [S]tyle-shifting cannot be defined as shifting from one dialect of English or level of formality to another, but rather as the selective production of certain features of a dialect and the exclusion of others. The focus of attention is on creating a projected linguistic identity.(Catherine Evans Davies, Language and Identity in Discourse in the American South: Sociolinguistic Repertoire as Expressive Resource in the Presentation of Self. Selves and Identities in Narrative and Discourse, ed. by Michael Bamberg, Anna De Fina, and Deborah Schiffrin. John Benjamins, 2007)Successful style-shifting is possible if speakers know what the forms of the vernacular spoken in their area are and can use them in appropriate contexts. Style-shifting (downwards) is not normally stigmatized as long as ones interlocutors know the vernacular is not ones only mode of speech. The term can also be used in a more general sense to refer to shifting from any one style to another, and not just to a vernacular mode.(Raymond Hickey, A Dictionary of Varieties of English. Wiley, 2014) Downward and Upward Style-Shifting The concept of style-shifting is generally used to refer to a change in language varieties which involves only the code-markers, i.e. variable features associated with social and cultural dimensions, such as age, sex, social class, and the relationship between speakers. [Muriel] Saville-Troike (1989) makes a further sub-classification between downward and upward style-shifting to indicate shifts to a lower or higher level, respectively. In addition, Saville-Troike (1989: 67) introduces the notion of intra-sentential style-shifting, which is said to occur when the variety of language used changes within a sentence, for example, as when an informal greeting is followed by a formal address, or even more extreme when there is a shift in formality involving grammar and lexicon. She observes that this sort of style-shifting should only be used intentionally for humorous purposes in English, as behavior of this kind is likely to be frowned upon by teachers, especially in writing.However, Sm ith (1986: 108-109) noted that textbook instruction clearly differs from actual practice.(Katja Lochtman and Jenny Kappel, The World a Global Village: Intercultural Competence in English Foreign Language Teaching. VUB Press, 2008) Style-Shifting and the Speech Accommodation Model The accommodation model ascribes style shifts to the speakers evaluation of the addressees social identity. A positive evaluation results in convergence, where a speaker begins to sound more like the addressee (conversely, a negative evaluation results in divergence, where the speaker marks social distance by sounding less like the addressee).(Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007) Style-Shifting and Audience Design Theory [Allan] Bells (1977, 1984) Audience Design Theory (AD) states that people engage in style-shifting normally in response to audience members rather than to shifts of attention paid to speech. In this way, intra-speaker [within speaker] variation is a response to interspeaker [between speakers] variation, chiefly as manifested in ones interlocutors (Bell 1984:158). In fact, intra-speaker variation derives from the variability that differentiates social groups (inter-speaker variation) and, therefore, its range of variation will never be greater than that of the latter. This theory is based on the socio psychological model developed by Howard Giles (speech accommodation theory: SAT; see Giles Powesland 1975, Giles Smith 1979, or Giles Coupland 1991) to explain the causes of styling, especially in the consideration of the effects of addressees as audience members in terms of accent convergence or divergence (see also Auer Hinskens 2005).The Audience Design Model provides a fuller acc ount of stylistic variation than the Attention to Speech one because (i) it goes beyond speech styles in the sociolinguistic interview by trying to be applicable to natural conversational interaction; (ii) it aims at explaining the interrelation of intra-speaker and inter-speaker variation and its quantitative patterning; and (iii) it introduces an element of speaker agency into stylistic variation, i.e. it includes responsive as well as initiative dimensions to account for the fact that (a) speakers respond to audience members in shaping their speech and (b) they sometimes engage in style shifts that do not correspond with the sociolinguistic characteristics of the present audience . . .. [V]ariationists are now becoming more increasingly interested in incorporating social constructionist (creative) approaches into style-shifting that view speakers actively taking part in shaping and re-shaping interactional norms and social structures, rather than simply accommodating to them.(J.M. Hernndez Campoy and J.A. Cutillas-Espinosa, Introduction: Style-Shifting Revisited. Style-Shifting in Public: New Perspectives on Stylistic Variation, ed. by Juan Manuel Hernndez Campoy and Juan Antonio Cutillas-Espinosa. John Benjamins, 2012) Audience design applies to all codes and levels of a language repertoire, monolingual and multilingual. Audience design does not refer only to style-shift. Within a language, it involves features such as choice of personal pronouns or address terms (Brown and Gilman 1960, Ervin-Tripp 1972), politeness strategies (Brown and Levinson 1987), use of pragmatic particles (Holmes 1995), as well as quantitative style-shift (Coupland 1980, 1984).Audience design applies to all codes and repertoires within a speech community, including the switch from one language to another in bilingual situations (Gal 1979, Dorian 1981). It has long been recognized that the processes which make a monolingual shift styles are the same as those that which make bilingual switch languages (e.g. Gumperz 1967). Any theory of style needs to encompass both monolingual and multilingual repertoiresthat is, all the shifts a speaker may make within her linguistic repertoire.​(Allan Bell, Back in Style: Reworking Audience Design. Style and Sociolinguistic Variation, ed. by Penelope Eckert and John R. Rickford. Cambri dge University Press, 2001)

A Proposal on the Negative Implications of Social Networking in the Research Paper

A Proposal on the Negative Implications of Social Networking in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example Ethics and wellbeing of the people in the society is a very important aspect that should be considered by everyone. Societal evils lower the quality of life while presenting individuals to harm. In the earlier days, harm was inflicted on individuals mainly physically, however, with the invention of computer technologies, there has been a paradigm. In the modern context, people can effectively communicate through the social networks and engage in many ways through this virtual mode. Despite the ability to transact positive deeds, malicious individuals, and groups have used social networking as a mode of gaining an advantage over others. Such evils have happened not only been directed to individuals but also to businesses and other organizations, including government agencies.   In the recent past, media reports have indicated that social networks have become one of the main platforms for executing cybercrime.   This is based on the view that social networking is a recent technolog y that is now attracting interest. This forms the basis for developing a research proposal in order to have a study that conclusively draws findings on the negative influence of social media o the society today. In addition, it is also apparent that social networking has not reached its maximum growth, this means that as the networks continue to develop, so are the associated evils; hence, it is likely that so an all networking evils will have a bigger impact in the society if they are not addressed through research.  

The Colonialism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Colonialism - Article Example The first wave of colonialism occurred in the early 15th century beginning with the conquest of Ceuta in 1415 by the Portuguese and lasted until the early 19th century. The final events of the first wave of colonialism involved the invasion of Algeria by the French. The first wave of colonialism mainly involved the colonization of the Americas by the Europeans and partly involved the creation of European colonies in the in Maritime Southeast Asia and India. The first wave of colonialism occurred during the Age of Discovery. During the first wave of colonialism, the interests of the Europeans in West Africa were primarily focused on the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The second wave of colonialism marked the major phase of European colonization and was fundamentally focused on colonizing Africa and Asia. It is referred to as the New Imperialism. The traditional African view of time is two-dimensional. In the category of potential or inevitable time, the most significant issue is that according to the traditional concepts, time as a phenomenon has the long past, the present and virtually no future. For the traditional African view, the time has to be experienced for it to make some sense. What is the future as per the African concept has not been experienced and thus cannot make part of the time? Neo-colonialism is the use of political and economic power and other forms of control by the former colonial masters to influence and interfere with the affairs of the former sovereign colonies.